{"id":4460,"date":"2025-11-08T11:03:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-08T04:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oneonco.co.id\/blog\/?p=4460"},"modified":"2025-11-14T17:08:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T10:08:52","slug":"berapa-kali-perlu-vaksinasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oneonco.co.id\/blog\/berapa-kali-perlu-vaksinasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Berapa Kali Perlu Vaksin HPV? Panduan Dosis dan Waktu Vaksinasi Berdasarkan Usia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Human papillomavirus (HPV) adalah virus umum yang dapat menyebabkan kutil kelamin dan berbagai kanker, terutama kanker serviks. Vaksin HPV terbukti aman dan efektif mencegah infeksi oleh tipe HPV risiko tinggi. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan jumlah dosis yang diperlukan, waktu pemberian, dan poin penting lain agar perlindungan optimal\u2014dengan bahasa mudah dipahami dan berbasis bukti terbaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apa itu HPV dan Vaksin HPV?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HPV adalah kelompok virus; beberapa tipe berisiko tinggi dapat menyebabkan lesi prakanker dan kanker (misalnya serviks, anus, orofaring) . Vaksin HPV membantu tubuh membentuk antibodi untuk mencegah infeksi tipe HPV tertentu. Komposisi antigen berbeda antar merek, tetapi seluruh vaksin yang direkomendasikan memberikan perlindungan signifikan terhadap tipe risiko tinggi utama .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seberapa Umum? (Epidemiologi Ringkas)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HPV merupakan salah satu infeksi menular seksual paling sering di dunia. Program vaksinasi remaja menurunkan infeksi HPV risiko tinggi hingga ~90% di populasi dengan cakupan tinggi serta menurunkan lesi prakanker serviks pada remaja\/dewasa muda . Data lokal dapat berbeda; rujuk informasi Kementerian Kesehatan setempat bila tersedia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktor Risiko.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Aktivitas seksual tanpa kondom dan\/atau banyak pasangan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Memulai aktivitas seksual pada usia sangat muda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Merokok.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kondisi imun yang lemah\/imunokompromais (misalnya HIV, terapi imunosupresif).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tidak melakukan skrining serviks sesuai anjuran.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Gejala<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Infeksi HPV sering tanpa gejala. Kutil kelamin dapat muncul pada beberapa tipe HPV. Kanker serviks stadium awal biasanya tanpa gejala; gejala seperti perdarahan pascaseks, perdarahan antar-menstruasi\/pascamenopause, atau nyeri panggul memerlukan evaluasi medis segera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pencegahan<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Primer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Vaksinasi HPV sesuai usia dan jadwal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Perilaku seks aman (kondom menurunkan risiko, tidak meniadakan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Berhenti merokok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Sekunder<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Skrining kanker serviks sesuai usia dan pedoman nasional (Pap test\/HPV DNA test).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Tersier<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Deteksi dan tata laksana lesi pra-kanker dini untuk mencegah progresi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Berapa Kali Perlu Vaksin HPV? (Dosis & Jadwal)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Usia 9\u201314 tahun<\/strong>
            Regimen standar: 2 dosis berjarak 6\u201312 bulan (misal 0 dan 6\u201312 bulan). Jika dosis kedua diberikan <5 bulan dari dosis pertama, perlukan dosis ketiga untuk melengkapi seri [1]. Opsi 1 dosis didukung WHO\/SAGE sebagai opsi program untuk memperluas cakupan; adopsi tergantung kebijakan nasional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Usia \u226515 tahun<\/strong>
            3 dosis: jadwal 0, 1\u20132, 6 bulan .<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Orang dengan kondisi imun yang lemah\/Imunokompromais (termasuk HIV)<\/strong>
            Selalu 3 dosis, tanpa memandang usia mulai vaksinasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Interval minimal antardosis<\/strong>
            Dosis 1\u20132: minimal 4 minggu; dosis 2\u20133: minimal 12 minggu; total minimal antara dosis 1 dan 3: 5 bulan. Jika seri terputus, jangan ulang dari awal; lanjutkan sesuai sisa jadwal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Catch-up dan usia dewasa<\/strong>
            Catch-up dianjurkan hingga usia 26 tahun. Usia 27\u201345 tahun: pertimbangkan bersama dokter (shared decision-making) berdasarkan risiko paparan baru dan manfaat tambahan yang diharapkan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Efektivitas Vaksin<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Remaja yang menerima 2 dosis menunjukkan respons antibodi non-inferior dibanding 3 dosis pada dewasa muda [9]. Studi populasi menunjukkan penurunan signifikan lesi prakanker serviks dan dampak herd effect setelah program vaksinasi remaja. Perlindungan terbaik bila vaksinasi dilakukan sebelum paparan (sebelum aktivitas seksual).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Keamanan dan Efek Samping<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Efek samping umumnya ringan dan sementara: nyeri\/kemerahan di lokasi suntikan, sakit kepala, demam ringan, pusing, mual, kelelahan [5]. Reaksi alergi berat sangat jarang; fasilitas vaksinasi menyiapkan tatalaksana anafilaksis bila terjadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Kontraindikasi: riwayat anafilaksis terhadap komponen vaksin atau dosis sebelumnya. Kehamilan: tunda dosis lanjutan hingga setelah persalinan; jika terlanjur diberikan tanpa sadar saat hamil, tidak perlu tindakan khusus selain menunda sisa dosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Kapan Harus ke Dokter\/IGD<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Gejala reaksi alergi berat (sesak napas, pembengkakan wajah\/kelopak mata, urtikaria menyeluruh) dalam menit\u2013jam setelah suntikan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Perdarahan tidak biasa, nyeri panggul menetap, perdarahan pascamenopause, atau keluhan ginekologis lain yang mengkhawatirkan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Poin-poin Penting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Vaksin HPV melindungi dari HPV risiko tinggi penyebab kanker serviks, anus, orofaring, dan lainnya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Usia 9\u201314 tahun: umumnya 2 dosis berjarak 6\u201312 bulan; sejumlah program mengadopsi opsi 1 dosis sesuai rekomendasi WHO\/SAGE dan kebijakan nasional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Usia \u226515 tahun: 3 dosis (0, 1\u20132, 6 bulan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Imunokompromais (termasuk HIV): selalu 3 dosis, tanpa memandang usia mulai vaksinasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Catch-up dianjurkan hingga usia 26 tahun; usia 27\u201345 tahun dipertimbangkan secara individual.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Efek samping umumnya ringan dan sementara; reaksi berat sangat jarang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Jika terlambat jadwal, tidak perlu ulang dari awal; lanjutkan sisa dosis dengan interval minimal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Vaksinasi sebelum aktivitas seksual dimulai memberikan manfaat protektif terbesar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Disclaimer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                Informasi ini bersifat edukasi dan tidak menggantikan konsultasi dengan tenaga kesehatan profesional. Keputusan vaksinasi harus mengikuti kebijakan nasional dan kondisi individu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Daftar Pustaka<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV vaccination: recommendations of the ACIP. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/vpd\/hpv\/hcp\/recommendations.html [cited 2025 Nov 3].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. World Health Organization. WHO position paper on HPV vaccines: Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2022;97(50):645\u2013672. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/who-wer9750-645-672 [cited 2025 Nov 3].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. Drolet M, B\u00e9nard \u00c9, P\u00e9rez N, Brisson M; HPV Vaccination Impact Study Group. Population-level impact and herd effects following HPV vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(11):e565\u2013e580. doi:10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30108-7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization. Background paper on single-dose HPV vaccination schedules. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals\/ [cited 2025 Nov 3].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                5. Meng F, Hu W, Wang B, Luo X, Xu H, Wan J, et al. Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance of HPV Vaccines in Anhui Province, China, 2017-2024. Vaccines (Basel). 2025;13(8):846. doi: 10.3390\/vaccines13080846. PMID: 40872931; PMCID: PMC12390075. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                6. Li Y, Zhu P, Wu M, Zhang Y, Li L. Immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus vaccine coadministered with other vaccines in individuals aged 9-25\u202fyears: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2020;38(2):119-34. doi: 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.10.092. Epub 2019 Dec 10. PMID: 31831220.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                7. Drolet M, Laprise JF, Brotherton JML, Donovan B, Fairley CK, Ali H, et al. The Impact of Human Papillomavirus Catch-Up Vaccination in Australia: Implications for Introduction of Multiple Age Cohort Vaccination and Postvaccination Data Interpretation. J Infect Dis. 2017 ;216(10):1205-9. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jix476. PMID: 28968800; PMCID: PMC5853481. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                8. California Department of Public Health. HPV vaccine administration job aid. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/eziz.org\/assets\/docs\/ADA\/IMM-1254.pdf [cited 2025 Nov 3].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                9. Dobson SRM, McNeil S, Dionne M, Dawar M, Ogilvie G, Krajden M, et al. Immunogenicity of 2-dose HPV vaccination in girls aged 9\u201313 years compared with 3-dose in young women: a randomized clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(10):922\u2013930. doi:10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70248-7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Human papillomavirus (HPV) adalah virus umum yang dapat menyebabkan kutil kelamin dan berbagai kanker, terutama kanker serviks. Vaksin HPV terbukti aman dan efektif mencegah infeksi oleh tipe HPV risiko tinggi. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"breadcrumbs_single_post":"","page_title_panel":"","breadcrumbs_single_page":"","single_page_alignment":"","single_page_margin":"","page_structure_type":"","content_style_source":"","content_style":"","blog_post_streched_ed":"","blog_page_streched_ed":"","has_transparent_header":"","disable_transparent_header":"","vertical_spacing_source":"","content_area_spacing":"","single_post_content_background":"","single_page_content_background":"","single_post_boxed_content_spacing":"","single_page_boxed_content_spacing":"","single_post_content_boxed_radius":"","single_page_content_boxed_radius":"","disable_featured_image":"","disable_post_tags":"","disable_author_box":"","disable_posts_navigation":"","disable_comments":"","disable_related_posts":"","disable_header":"","disable_footer":"","footnotes":"","_rishi_post_view_count":1012},"categories":[36],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-4460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel-kanker","tag-kanker-serviks","rishi-post"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBerapa Kali Perlu Vaksin HPV? Panduan Dosis dan Waktu Vaksinasi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Human papillomavirus (HPV) adalah virus umum yang dapat menyebabkan kutil kelamin dan berbagai kanker, terutama kanker serviks.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oneonco.co.id\/blog\/berapa-kali-perlu-vaksinasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Berapa Kali Perlu Vaksin HPV? 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